PRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTS

[Lucretia (Coffin) Mott, Three-Quarter Length Portrait, Seated, Facing Right]. 1860. I used this photo from the late 19th century in my website. It depicts Lucretia Mott, an important suffragist. No author is given.

Alice Paul. 1920. I used this photo from the time period of Alice Paul in my website. Alice Paul was an important suffragist who introduced the Equal Rights Amendment. The photo is a primary source published by Bain News Service.

Chamberlain, Kenneth Russell. “The Weaker Sex?” Puck, vol. 76, Puck Publishing Corporation, 1914, pp. 5–5. Kenneth Russell Chamberlain was a political cartoonist who lived from 1891-1984. This cartoon shows a red cross nurse bandaging a wounded soldier with the caption "The Weaker Sex?" I used the cartoon in my website as an example of political cartoons and propaganda.

Conly, C. F. Frederick Douglas. 1880. C.F. Conly was a photographer who lived through part of the women's suffrage movement. This photo of Frederick Douglas is a primary source from 1880 and I used it in my website. Frederick Douglas was a supporter of the women's suffrage movement.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Her Daughter, Harriot--from a Daguerreotype 1856. This is photo of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and her daughter Harriot from a daguerreotype taken in 1856. I used this primary source on my website. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a leader in the women's suffrage movement.

Gutekunst, Frederick. Lucretia Mott. 1870. Frederick Gutekunst was a photographer who lived from 1831-1917. This photo shows Lucretia Mott, an important suffragist in the beginning of the women's suffrage movement. I used the picture -which is a primary source- in my website.

Harris, and Ewing. PAUL, ALICE. 1918. Harris & Ewing was a photographic studio based in Washington D.C. The photo shows Alice Paul, a suffragist who introduced the Equal Rights Amendment.

Harris, and Ewing. Women Suffrage Parade, Wash., D. C. Washington D.C. , 1917. Harris & Ewing was a photographic studio in Washington D.C. This photo shows a women's suffrage parade in Washington D.C. It is a primary source.

Hayward, Nancy. “Susan B. Anthony.” National Women's History Museum, 2018, www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/susan-b-anthony. Nancy Hayward is consultant for museum programs and education at the National Women's History Museum. This secondary source details on the life of Susan B. Anthony, an important suffragist.

Head of Suffrage Parade in Washington, D.C., Mar. 3, 1913 Enlarge. 3 Mar. 1913. This photo from 1913 shows Grand Marshal Mrs. Richard Coke Burleson (eading suffrage march on March 3, 1913. It is a primary source.

Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. The Nonsense of It. The Nonsense of It, 1865. This pamphlet by abolitionist author Thomas Wentworth Higgins refutes common arguments against women voting. It is a primary source that helped me understand how both people supporting and opposing women's suffrage felt.

Illustration of First Women's Rights Convention in 1848. 19 July 1848. This illustration shows the Seneca Falls Convention, an important event that marked the beginning of the women's suffrage movement. It is a primary source.

Johnston, Francis Benjamin. Susan B. Anthony. 1900. Francis Benjamin Johnston was an American photographer and photo journalist. She is most well now for her portraits, like this one of Susan B. Anthony that was taken in 1900. Susan B. Anthony is one of the most well known suffragists.

Keppler, Joseph Ferdinand. “A Female Suffrage Fantasy.” Puck, 175th ed., vol. 7, 1880, pp. 342–343. Puck was the first successful humor magazine in the United States. It published colorful cartoons, caricatures, and political satire. This image showing what might happen if women were allowed to vote is an example of political cartoons and propaganda relating to the women's suffrage movement.

Keppler, Udo J. “All Together Now! Stop Her!” Puck Publishing Corporation, 1914, p. 5. Puck was the first successful humor magazine in the United States. It specialized in colorful cartoons, caricatures, and political satire. This cartoon shows an assortment of people trying to hold down a giant labeled "women's suffrage." This cartoon is a primary source.

Passers-By Looking at Window Display at the Headquarters of National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, Ca. 1919. 1919. This photo from approximately 1919 shows passers-by looking at a display on the window of a NAOWS headquarters. It is a primary source.

Sojourner Truth. I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. This is a photo of Sojourner Truth that I used in my website. It is a primary source.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, et al. “Declaration of Sentiments.” The Declaration of Sentiments is a document created in 1848. It is modeled like the declaration of independence and is an important document for suffragists. Primary source.

“Still Trying to Button It Up.” Tennesee Virtual Archive, 1920. This cartoon shows Uncle Sam struggling to button the last button on "women's suffrage." She says "It's that 36th button, Samuel!" The cartoon illustrates the ratification process of the 19th amendment.

Taylor, C. J. “A Squelcher for Woman Suffrage .” Puck, vol. 35, Published by Keppler & Schwarzmann, 1894. Puck was the first successful humor magazine in the United States. This cartoon shows a woman being unable to vote because her skirt is to big. It is one example of political cartoons making fun of the woman's suffrage movement.

“Women's Rights Convention.” Seneca County Courier, 14 July 1848. This is an advertisement for the Seneca Falls Convention published in the Seneca Falls Courier. It is a primary source that I used in my website.

SECONDARY SOURCE DOCUMENTS:

Gertner, Nancy, and Gail Heriot. “The Nineteenth Amendment.” 19th Amendment | The National Constitution Center, constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/interpretation/amendment-xix/interps/145. This web page goes into detail about the nineteenth amendment. Secondary source sponsored by National Constitution Center.

History.com Editors. “Women Who Fought for the Vote.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 14 Oct. 2009, www.history.com/topics/womens-history/women-who-fought-for-the-vote-1. This article gives important facts about notable suffragists. It is a secondary source that helped me know basic facts about these women.

History.com Editors. “Women's Suffrage.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 29 Oct. 2009, www.history.com/topics/womens-history/the-fight-for-womens-suffrage. This website (a secondary source) provides some basic knowledge on Women's Suffrage. Sponsored by A&E Television Networks.

Lange, Allison K. “Opposition to Suffrage.” History of U.S. Woman's Suffrage, 2015, www.crusadeforthevote.org/naows-opposition. Allison K. Lange is an assistant professor of history at the Wentworth Institute of Technology. This article provides information on the anti-suffragist's perspective. It is a secondary source.

Lewis, Danny. “These Anti-Suffragette Postcards Warned Against Giving Women the Vote.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 19 July 2016, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-anti-suffragette-postcards-warned-against-giving-women-vote-180959828/. Danny Lewis is a multimedia journalist. This article gave information on propaganda tactics. This secondary source helped me find one image of an anti-suffrage postcard that I used in my website.

Lusted, Marcia Amidon. The Fight for Women's Suffrage. ABDO Publishing Company, 2012. This book by Marcia Amidom Lusted is an author of books for teens. This secondary source gave me a lot of information on the Seneca Falls Convention.

Michals, Debra. “Elizabeth Cady Stanton.” National Women's History Museum, 2017, www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/elizabeth-cady-stanton. This web page provides information on Elizabeth Cady Stanton, a suffragist behind the Seneca Falls convention. Secondary source.

Nardo, Don. The Split History of the Women's Suffrage Movement: Suffragists' Perspective. Compass Point Books, a Capstone Imprint, 2014. This book tells about opposing perspectives on women's suffrage. It is a secondary source written by Don Nardo, a historian and writer.

Palczeskwi. “These Anti-Suffragette Postcards Warned Against Giving Women the Vote.” These Anti-Suffragette Postcards Warned Against Giving Women the Vote, 2016, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-anti-suffragette-postcards-warned-against-giving-women-vote-180959828/.

Roberts, David, and Crystal Nicole Feimster. Suffragette: the Battle for Equality. Walker Books US, a Division of Candlewick Press, 2019. This book by David Roberts, a celebrated illustrator with a lifelong interest in the women's suffrage movement provided helpful information on suffragists. It is a secondary source.

“Sojourner Truth.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 5 Sept. 2019, www.biography.com/activist/sojourner-truth. This web page gives information on Sojourner Truth, an african-american suffragist and abolitionist. Secondary source.

Tedx Talks, director. Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman": Nkechi at TEDxFiDiWomen. YouTube, YouTube, 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUdxsQ0Qsrc. This is a video of Nkechi performing Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman" speech. I used the secondary source in my website.

“Votes for Women.” Ivybridge Heritage, ivybridge-heritage.org/suffragists-and-suffragettes/. This is an image showing a votes for women pin and the green white and purple of the WSPU. I used it in my website.

Warder, Graham. “Women In Nineteenth-Century America.” Social Welfare History Project, 13 Mar. 2018, socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/woman-suffrage/women-in-nineteenth-century-america-2/. This article helped me understand women's role in 19th century America. This is a secondary source written by Dr. Graham Warder of Keene State College's history department.

ZIMET, SUSAN. ROSES AND RADICALS: the Epic Story of How American Women Won the Right to Vote. PUFFIN BOOKS, 2020. Susan Zimet has dedicated her professional life to key public policy issues such as the environment and women's rights. This book tells the story of the women's suffrage movement. It was very helpful because it covered a wide range of topics.